The Role of the Internet in Supply Chain Management

Supply chain (SC) is made up of all the activities that are required to deliver products to the customer – from designing product to receiving order, procuring material, marketing, manufacturing, logistics, customer services, receiving payment and so on (Donovan, 2001). Hence, supply chain consists of a group of different companies working together to produce finished goods sold to customers out of raw materials. Company strikes to gain competitive advantages through improving their supply chain. Supply Chain Management (SCM)oversees different company’s activities and makes sure that they collaborate well. Supply Chain Management is therefore defined as the management of upstream and downstream relationships in order to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole. (Christopher, 1998). An increase in competitions means that companies must combine together to form a network of organizations. Failure or refusal of doing so would result in falling behind to the company’s rivals. The Internet has an important role in supply chain management because it enables real-time information and collaboration between trading partners, which makes decision making easier. Gunasekaran and Ngai (2004) refers e-SCM as the integration of Internet-enable activities within the supply chain. In order for the e-SCM system to work, applications such as determining the best way to fill an order, to track goods and to manage materials require state-of-the-art ITShow MoreRelatedProcess Flow Supply Chain Management1528 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: PROCESS FLOW: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROCESS FLOW: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) Clifford Butler Operation Management November 1, 2009 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The Internet-based supply chain system for mass customized markets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The role of electronic data interchange (EDI) and the Internet in supply chain integration..†¦...5 WhyRead MoreThe Supply Chain Concept1622 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain Concept Introduction In today s competitive business environment many firms face the arduous mission of managing their supply chain. In an effort to gain competitive advantage, firms must make key decision involving logistics and operations management to move products and service across the supply chain. The materialization and attractiveness of the Internet has made supply chain management more attainable for business enterprises. Research shows that Internet-derived technologyRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Case Study869 Words   |  4 PagesMicroeconomics 25 March 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. In order to effectively execute successful supply chain management one must acknowledge the importance of demand management, communicationRead More Supply Chain Management Essay example1672 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain Management Supply chain management lets an organization get their products of raw goods to the place they are needed at the right time, the right place, and what exactly they have ordered, and at a reasonable cost. It moves from parts supplier to manufacturers to wholesale to retailer then consumer. Supply chain management plays an important role supplying the manufacturers all the way down to the consumer, so they can satisfy their customers, and to have good benefits for theirRead MoreSupply Chain Management Essay528 Words   |  3 PagesSupply chain holds a special place in B2B e-business. With the growth of internet and businesses operating electronically, the product life cycle has reduced to a large extent. This has increased the competition among the organizations to better manage their supply chain to satisfy the customers need in a competitive market. With the growth of information technology, the trends in determining the demand and supply are changing drastically. The organizations are developing and implementing betterRead MoreIntroduction to Supply Chain Management Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesAs soon as an idea turns into a project, the organisation of the supply chain becomes vital to providing a quality service to the client yet at a minimal cost to the company involved. Vertical interpretation is required to deal with various constraints that arise in various stages of the project with the aim to keep the problems down and the efficiency high. Throughout this paper the author will describe how supply chain management (SCM) helps bring systems together to present a desirable outcomeRead MoreEmerging Technology and e-business957 Words   |  4 Pagescomputer and internet based information seekers. It is arguable that the advent of computer and internet has changed the role of information in business, and has increasingly affected the supply chain management (Moore, 2000). The principles of supply chain management (SCM) have been affected by the emerging information and communication technology in various ways, diverting the traditional methods of conducting business, and providing a platform for sharing information from supply to the marketRead MoreHow The Supply Chain Has Evolved Over The Years1033 Words   |  5 Pages The supply chain has evolved over the years. With new businesses that are on the rise in the competitive world it is important to stay on top. Different merchants create better deals that cause relationships between the suppliers and their customers to the end. I wanted to explore those relationships and research the history of the â€Å"supply chain†. I wanted to know how things were ran and how they are able to sustain business when the economy changes. How supply chain management has evolved InRead MoreCold Chain Logistics1185 Words   |  5 Pagesrequirements†. (Canadian Association of Logistics Management, 1995). Simply put it, logistics is about managing the flow of materials be it raw or finished product, information finances in the supply chain, a lot of people misunderstood the term logistics management and supply chain, logistics management is different from supply chain management, logistics management is part of the wide and complex supply chain. Logistics plays a big role in today business, as it controls the movement ofRead MoreInformation Technology and Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com684 Words   |  3 Pagesand Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com Introduction The most critical component of the Amazon.com business model is the efficient, profitable performance of its supply chain. For online retailers who compete in high velocity sales environments, the ability to orchestrate suppliers across a very broad supply chain is critical for their continual profitable operation and growth (Albors-Garrigà ³s, Hervas-Oliver, Mà ¡rquez, 2009). Integral to this aspect of Amazons business model is the role of Information

Home Schooling is a Better Choice Free Essays

Education is considered as a wealth that other people cannot take away from anyone. It can take an individual to far places, allow him or her to do greater things, and make it possible to have a brighter future. No matter how poor or how difficult it is to send a child to school, every parent would want to give their children a chance to have a quality education. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Schooling is a Better Choice or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are some cases when a child has to be home schooled. Home-schooling is the better alternative aside from sending a child to a normal school; and it is not as dangerous as some people think it is. This is why many parents who preferred to home-school their children reacted to a new court ruling that would make them criminals for teaching without credentials. This law was proposed by Justice H. Walter of the Los Angeles’ Second District Court of Appeal. He reasoned out that children aged six to 18 should attend public school unless exempted. Parents who home-school their children reacted because they believe that home-schooling is better than sending their children to public or private schools. Moreover, parents believe that they, and not the state, know better what is best for their children, including how they should be educated. In addition, parents reasoned out that since private schools do not necessarily require their teachers to have credentials, why are parents not allowed to teach their children even without a credential? (Yskamp, 2008). Home-schooling is a better option to steer children away from the dangers and the pitfalls associated with public schools (Distantschooling, 2006). Children are not at risk of bullying at school, or of alcohol and drugs or other negative influences. There is also a strengthened bonding between parents and children as they spend more time together, thus further reinforcing the family in the American society (Pride, 2009). Moreover, home-schooling enables parents to meet the unique needs of their children that will otherwise be ignored in classrooms accommodating more than 30 kids. There are also parents who reported that home-schooling best fits the learning needs of their children (Yskamp, 2008). How to cite Home Schooling is a Better Choice, Papers

Contemporary issues in Accounting True and Fair View Concept

Question: What is the History of the TFV,How did it Come about, Where, and when,What has been this Historical Purpose of the TFV? Answer: Introduction True and Fair View (TFV) as an accounting concept has since past been necessary for evaluating the performance of businesses (Jones Wolnizer, 2013). It is, therefore, the responsibility of the directors of different business entities to promote and make sure that their financial reports and statements depict a true and fair view of their stakeholders and other users. In auditing, true and fair view means that every financial declaration of any business entity is free from the possibility of any misstatements of their material and genuinely represents the financial worthiness and status of the business organization (DragnevaMillan, 2014). From the literature perspective, the concept of true and fair aspect in accounting has not been defined but a general conclusion of its meaning can be induced, an argument that forms that basis of this paper. According to Burlaud (2011), true means that every financial statement presented is factually correct and that it has been prepared in agreement with the reporting financial frameworks, rules, and standards. It includes IFRS and any other that lacks evidence of the misstatements in their materials that can miss-guide the users of the financial reports. These misstatements are caused by material errors or emission of some transactions and imbalance in the presented financial reports and statements (Epaves, 2010). On the other hand, fair means that the presented financial statements of the business entity faithfully present the information without any issue of biasness for they are the reflection of the economic implications and status of transactions and not just their usual law form according to Hulle (2013). According to Nobes (2016), the true and fair view of financial statements preparation is the responsibility of all directors of company as stated in the corporate legislations and rules of moststates such as the UK Companies Act 2006. Secondly, it is also the responsibility of auditors to ensure that the directors have effectively attained their rolesand responsibilities of the true and fair view financial statements preparation. Hulle (2013) also points out that the managers should expressly indicate or state in their audit reports whether in their view, the financial statements presented to them by directors present a true and fair view of the financial performance and position of their organization. The concept of true and fair view has been adopted since it was introduced in the 1948 UKs Companies Act. The concepthas thus held an historical origin in the 18th century after which it was translated into legal corporate definition in the 20th century (Alexander, 2012). The general essence of the standards and guidelines was to provide the possibility of recognition, measurements, representation, and directors disclosure of particular aspects of financial reporting in a mannerreflectingthe economic reality and thus providing a true and fair view. Evans (2013) also denotes that the accounting transfertechnique from one traditionalvalue to another has been faced or associated with many challenges due to different objectives and goals within the financial reporting, standards and legal systems in different countries and also in different roles of the profession. Therefore, these challenges have resulted from the different conceptualization of the concept of TFV in various countries. T he primary reasons for the difference are due to the difference in legal interpretation of the rules of the Roman law. Alexander (2012) points out that a common legal specific rule, in this case, the Roman law states, specific rules that take prudence over the other general issues. Secondly is the difference in the translation of the TFV phrase, which caused an inherent ambiguity (Nobes, 2016; Alexander, 2013; Nobes, 2012). These translations made the process of conceptualization of the true and fair view to be an ambiguous process. There was also the issue of some of the recognised true and fair concept definitions be obtained from operated terms previously used in describing the relevance and nature of the financial statements (Barlev Haddad, 2017). Lastly, there was also a difference in authority and character of the regulation between federal governments and the use of different accounting principles which causes a difference in the content and validity of any legal and professional pronouncement. Research also shows that the language used in financial reporting is an important tool for decision-making in the worldcapital globalization process where true and fair view (TFV) acts as a symbol of systems stability according to Jones and Wolnizer (2013). For ex ample, the western culture and ideologies of true and fair view was accepted in Poland be used in accounting communities and businesses to promote a fast-track accession in the world competitive markets. The origin of TFV also accounts to the fourth directive of the European Union which stated that, any annual account should conform to all the principles and guidelines of the proper and regular accounting (draft article 2,(2) ). During a negotiation between the European Commission and the Economic and Social Committee (ESC) in the Council Working Party 1974, the usefulness of TFV was questioned. Some delegates, however, supported the idea while insisting that there should be a requirement that will help in departing from the suggestions and provisions of the directive if necessary in order to satisfy the objective of the true and fair view (Wustemann, Kierzek, 2016). Each member state had been affected by certain implications of the European harmonization as each had its true and fair view before the fall out of the fourth directive. Secondly, the creation of a harmonized true and fair view requires the necessity ofchanging to a GAAP with the aim of constructing a common meaning. Res earch has shown that the context of European harmonization has seen the attempt of transferring a formula that consists of words which does not ensure that it is signified form of the formula. In such a case, (Sapkauskiene, 2014) denotes that the collection of normally accepted principles of accounting with accepted wisdom concerning the roles and value traditions of accounting. In practice, Wustemann and Kierzek (2016) point out that the words adopted are not relevant, and that the process of harmonization can only be attained when only the signified are harmonized through a signed agreement on the accepted accounting principles. External to the operational sense, Drabkova (2013) also asserts that the indeterminate knowledge base has specific responsibilities in establishing a professional standing. The scope supports that a true and fair view may be adopted as embodying a claim by accountants to a special knowledge, which in turn supports their claim of exclusive certification. In such a case, the professionals may raise issues concerning the true and fair view in a manner that is quite distinct from the operational reality. The review takes place in the context of the import of true and fair view into the Economic Commission Fourth Directive. The question hence comes as to whether the present requirements of Australia regulatory environment for, financial reporting, supports the true and fair view. The support in this case relates to the preparation of financial statements, the auditing of the statements and the usage of the financial reports. The Australian Financial Reporting standards (AFRS) requires and supports TFV in that all financial reports should be accompanied by a directors about the operations of the company or business entity. It is also required that the financial reports should also be accompanied by a directors declaration stating that the accounts meet the requirements of the accounting standards and give a true and fair view of the business financial statement. The Australian financial reporting standards also support the true and fair concept by giving guidelines on the auditing of financial statements. The financial statements should be prepared and audited according to the international auditing standards, therefore in this case supporting the principle of fair and true representation of financial statements as stated in the true and fair view concept. According to (FRS 102 section 10 and IAS 8) managers and directors are also given guidelines on establishing accounting policies, which can only be allowed under the international accounting standards (Drabkova, 2016). They should not use detailed accounting rules as excuses for accounting malpractices or problems and should also ensure that significant accounting information is not in any way obscured by immaterial or irrelevant disclosure. Financial reporting standards (FRS 102 section 2) managers and directors are also required to give prudent judgments in their consideration of accounts which supports the concept of true and fair view. IAS 1 paragraph 24 also explains that most of the times an accounting policy would conflict with the objective of the financial reports and statements when it does not represent genuinely the transactions. The section also requires disclosure where the true and fair override from a particular requirements so as to achieve a fair presentation. Lastly the companies Act 2006, sections 393(2) and 495 to 497,guides the opinion of auditors regarding companys financial records as to whether in their view the accounts give a true and fair view (Burlaud, 2011). The section therefore supports the true and fair view concept which requires auditors opinion when reporting on the validity and relevance of the financial statements and reports. Conclusion Though the development and harmonization of TFV concept have been faced with a lot of challenges, its importance has been equally supported in enhancing the quality reports and financial statements which have helped to propel a lot of business entities globally. Factual and unbiased information will always present a reliable data and hence the general importance of the true and fair view. However, the concept should be applied to the accounting standards of a certain country for it to have a greater importance. The managers and directors of companies should, therefore, ensure that all financial statements and reports reflect a true and fair view concept. Therefore; the requirements of the Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) from the research can also be concluded to genuinely represent the reporting entity of accounts. But a greater responsibility has been left to the decision makers of companies and the regulatory authorities governing the accounting standards. References Alexander, D. (2012). A European true and fair view?.European Accounting Review, 2(1), 59-80. Barlev, B., Haddad, J. R. (2017).Harmonization, Comparability, and Fair Value Accounting.Journal Of Accounting, Auditing Finance, 22(3), 493-509. Burlaud, A. (2011). Commentary on the article by David Alexander 'A European true and fair view'.European Accounting Review, 2(1), 95-98. Dominiak, G., Epaves, R. A. (2010). True and Fair View- History, Meaning and the Impact of the 4th Directive. Accounting Review, 52(1), 278-279. Drabkova, Z. (2016). Models of detection of manipulated financial statements as part of the internal control system of the entity.ACRN Oxford Journal Of Finance Risk Perspectives,5(1), 230-238. Dragneva, R., Millan, E. (2013).Transposing the "true and fair view" concept in the legislation of hungry and Poland in the context of eu enlargement.Review Of Central East European Law, 28(2), 183-209. Epaves, R. A. (2010). True and Fair View- History, Meaning and the Impact of the 4th Directive.Accounting Review,52(1), 278-279. Evans, L. (2013). The true and fair view and the 'fair presentation' override of IAS 1. Accounting Business Research (Wolters Kluwer UK), 33(4), 311-325. Hulle, K. (2011). The true and fair view override in the European Accounting Directives.European Accounting Review, 6(4), 711-720. Hulle, K. (2013). Truth and untruth about true and fair: a commentary on 'A European true and fair view' comment. European Accounting Review, 2(1), 99-104. Jones, S., Wolnizer, P. W. (2013). Harmonization and the Conceptual Framework: An International Perspective. Abacus, 39(3), 375-387. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6281.2003.00139.x Kircher, P., Meyer, P. E. (1999). The Significance of the Standard "True and Fair" View (Book).Accounting Review,57(2), 440. Millan, E. (2013). Transposing the "true and fair view" concept in the legislation of hungary and poland in the context of eu enlargement.Review Of Central East European Law,28(2), 183-209. Nobes, C. (2016). The True and Fair View Requirement: Impact on and of the Fourth Directive. Accounting Business Research (Wolters Kluwer UK), 24(93), 35-48. Sapkauskiene, A. (2014). Fair value accounting for investment asset: a case study.International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference On Social Sciences Arts SGEM, 271-278. Wustemann, J., Kierzek, S. (2016). True and Fair View Revisited -- A Reply to Alexander and Nobes. Accounting In Europe, 391-116. Yardley, R. (2001). Accounting Principles for Life Insurance: A True and Fair View? (Book).Accounting Business Research (Wolters Kluwer UK),26(1), 83-85. Zahid, A. (2010). "True and Fair View" Versus "Fair Presentation" Accountings: Are They Legally Similar or Different?.European Business Law Review,19(4), 677-690

Music and Its Influence free essay sample

These primitive musicians would not have known many of the modern terms such as octaves and pitch, but they invented quite possibly the most important aspect of music today – just whack it. Music is basically the control of sound. We can control this sound by varying the pitch, tempo, octaves, and dynamics and so on. There are thousands of ways that we can use music and to shape it to how we want to hear it. But how much has music influenced the way we think today? Why is it so popular?Music dates right back to the prehistoric eras where primitive instruments were constructed using items like bone and wood Quite literally, they would have used things like 2 bones and they would have ‘whacked’ them together. This would obviously have made a sound – either loud or quite depending on how hard you hit them together. Take these primitive bones and add on 8 or 9 thousand years of musical evolution and you get the modern day drum kit. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Its Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my own opinion; instruments Have come a very long way. In my research drums, guitars and pianos has change in the way it looks and sounds. Ask yourself!How far did music come from to now? First close your eyes and picture this, even today if you go to some native parts of Africa or Asia. you can see tribes of people performing primeval forms of music. They do this for both entertainment and their religious belief. This form of music normally consists of basic wind instruments and small, hand-made percussion instruments normally made from animal skin or fur. This has been kept traditional by the tribe as they have not been into contact with the outside world. They have managed to keep their precious tradition for thousands of years, and they will be able to keep it for years to come.Their music is the only real surviving traditional music from the early days, and that genre of music has slowly made its way into western culture. If we see a film about a jungle, normally the soundtrack is composed of instruments like bongos or shakers. This is because we instantly associate this sort of music with jungles and indigenous tribes. So whereas some parts of the world stayed traditionalist, other parts were taking music to the next step. Western cultures have used music for almost every aspect of life. Music was used for entertainment and religion.Some countries have unfortunately lost their culture and heritage thanks to more developed countries trying to expand their empires. Traditional drums and flutes have been replaced with more vibrant shakers and trumpets. It is no doubt that the way other countries have acted has greatly affected the distribution of music worldwide. I’m sure you’ll all agree when I say that music is changing very fast. It’s either that or we keep changing our tastes in music every five minutes – which is far more probable. Today if someone put on a record from just 10-20 years ago we’d probably think of that music as being incredibly old or very simple. I don’t know about you, but I can’t stand to watch some (if not most) of the early Top of the Pops because the music is so old. We think of this as being old, but in fact it is incredibly new. The music industry has become overwhelmingly popular ever since some of the pioneers of modern music. Before the War, there had never been a real music industry, but during the war many radio stations made the majority of their income by playing music because lots of music during that era was lyrically focused on subjects like peace and hope.This was undoubtedly something that people wanted to hear, so the music industry started to really form during this time. WHAT? I’ll just get the album when it comes out, thanks. After this, more and more businesses and corporations started to set up record labels and started to sign more and more artists to their label and then distributing their music in CD/Vinyl release and on the radio. Since then, technology of all sorts has had to shape the way it works so that it can keep up with the music industry. Many devices that once had no connections to music now play music and the radio due to customer demands.For example, a fridge with a built in radio. Record labels have got so big nowadays, that they are starting to charge excessive fees for artist’s music. Many bands/artists have recognized this and have made their own record labels so they can have their own means of music distribution. Some examples of these would be Nothing Records, owned by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, and Morning Records, owned by the Cooper Temple Clause. During my research I’ve learned how music changes the lives of people throughout the world. I can honestly say, I have discovered how has influenced my life and the production of my music.In conclusion, music has evolved substantially from its early days as a form of basic ceremonious compliments to a huge booming industry that plays a major role in our culture and it continues to change every day to suit the needs of the consumers, who enjoy music for what it is, rather than the profit that can be made from record labels.