A.D. The Abbreviation Used in Dates for Anno Domini

Definition: A.D. is the Latin abbreviation for Anno Domini, which means in the year of our Lord, or, more fully, anno domini nostri Jesu Christi the year of our Lord Jesus Christ. A.D. is used with dates in the current era, which is considered the era since the birth of Christ. The counterpart to Anno Domini is B.C. for Before Christ. Because of A.D.s obvious Christian overtones, many prefer to use more secular abbreviations like C.E. for Common Era. However, many lay publications, like this one, still use A.D. Although unlike English, Latin is not a word-order language, it is conventional in English writing for A.D. to precede the year (A.D. 2010) so that the translation, read in word order, would mean in the year of our lord 2010. (In Latin, it wouldnt matter whether it was written A.D. 2010 or 2010 A.D.) Note: The abbreviation a.d. may also stand for ante diem meaning the number of days before the kalends, nones, or ides of a Roman month. The date a.d.XIX.Kal.Feb. means 19 days before the kalends of February. Dont count on the a.d. for ante diem to be lower case. Inscriptions in Latin often appear only in capital letters. Also Known As: Anno Domini Alternate Spellings: AD (without the periods) Examples: In A.D. 61 Boudicca led a rebellion against the Romans in Britain. If the terms A.D. and B.C. confuse you, think of a number line with A.D. on the plus () side and B.C. on minus (-) side. Unlike the number line, there is no year zero. More on Latin abbreviations in: Common Latin Abbreviations Used in English

The Effects Of Air Pollution On Human Health Essay

Objectives 1. To establish the definition of air pollution and pollutants and determine their chemical nature. 2. To identify the causes of Air pollution 3. To define air pollution in India with respect to law as stated in the Indian Constitution. 4. To describe the Supreme Court interjection due to Delhi’s pollution and its results. 5. To assess the air pollution level in Delhi and compare the levels before and after Diwali 6. To find the level of pollution caused by different sources and the data supporting it. 7. To analyze the level of pollution in Delhi by comparing it to prescribed limits prescribed by various institutions. 8. To study the effects of air pollution on human health by secondary data sources and interviews conducted by our group. 9. To study the effects of air pollution on the floral life. 10. To study the data given by the premier institution CPCB. 11. To find out about the measures taken by government after Great Delhi Smog (2016) and study the sustainable practices that can be or have been taken in accordance with air pollution. METHODOLOGY We will be measuring and analyzing the ambient air pollution of Delhi by the standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India. The parameters and standards we are taking is the concentration of the following pollutants : Prime focus areas of our paper : Average air pollution level in Delhi , Air quality index of Delhi , and specific focus on the effects of Diwali and burning of agricultural crops on theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Air Pollution On Human Health1319 Words   |  6 PagesCareful What You Breathe In: Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health The idea that we, as a global community, are destroying the very earth we commonly share is something that takes time for people to fully understand. 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Air pollution occurs when pollutants are released into the atmosphere. It has both chronic and acute effects on human health which effects a number of different systems and organsFossil fuel combustion such as diesel fuel, coal, gasoline and natural gas is the main source of air pollution. Most of this

Summary of the Article “All Fired Up-Tapping The Rockies” by Mitchell Free Essays

The article ‘All fired up-Tapping the Rockies’ by John G. Mitchell appeared in July 2005 issue of National Geographic. It is an interesting commentary on energy development initiatives that are being planned for Rocky mountain region in Wyoming. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of the Article â€Å"All Fired Up-Tapping The Rockies† by Mitchell or any similar topic only for you Order Now The article identifies five important locations in Rocky Mountains that have been selected by the government for energy exploration. The Bureau of Land Management controls these regions and can lease them out for energy development when the right time comes. Already, Pinedale mesa has seen aggressive gas and energy development activities which have dented the beautiful landscape to a large extent. The area is laced with pipelines and there are already 500 wells that BLM plans to use for natural gas extraction purposes. The number of wells is likely to rise to more than 3,000 soon. It must be made clear that if all these regions are fully exploited, it can cause serious harm to the environment and for this reason, there is a provision in Bush administration’s 2001 National energy policy report that indicates that 40 percent of natural gas resources found in Rocky Mountains will not be used because of environmental concerns. But opponents put the figures at 12 percent. It is interesting that while BLM is proposing more aggressive exploration, it has not yet fully exploited the existing leased natural gas resources. Out of close to 46,000 leases nationwide, only half were producing anything while the rest were lying idle. Why lease more land when the existing leases are not being utilized properly. Throughout this region, two types of natural gas are being targeted: tight sands gas and coal bed methane (CBM). The Powder River Basin is rich with CBM resources but extracting the gas is more costly than sands gas even though drilling costs much less. The extraction problem is also aggravated because of the water that comes out during exploration. This water has to be safely disposed off but it is highly saline and can thus cause damage to land and crops. While the officials might come up with many benefits that they feel would accrue to landowners with this kind of exploitation, the residents of the region do not agree with them. People believe that due to lack of water, the area has become unlivable. Montana’s Rocky Mountain Front is another area rich in natural resources but it is less vulnerable than other parts because owners have rights to mineral under their land. However if aggressive energy developments efforts are started in this region, even these owners will be forced to allow vehicular access to neighboring wells along with pipelines and drill pads. People are furious with BLM’s inability and lack of commitment to provide safer environment. Some ranchers in San Juan Basin complain that their region has become unfit for cattle because of the wells. Land erosion and pollution have made the environment hostile to cattle. The article speaks against government’s energy policies and explains the environmental damages that would result due to unmitigated use of land for energy exploration. People have complained of government’s failure to take into consideration environmental safeguards which has made living harder. Water resources are being brutally exploited for gas exploration when it is desperately required by the residents to meet their daily consumption needs. How to cite Summary of the Article â€Å"All Fired Up-Tapping The Rockies† by Mitchell, Essay examples

ProsCons of Living in Megacities free essay sample

The quality of life in such megalopolises is better than was predicted. Life expectancy is longer in the big cities than in smaller ones or in the countryside. Urban dwellers are more likely to have good sewage disposal and running water than are their rural compatriots. And cities tend to offer superior medical care, greater educational opportunities and more jobs. 2. In the city people have more chances to be employed, as the range of jobs is greater than in a village. Besides in the city people have more chances to succeed. 3. Cities may provide better services to people, reduce poverty, improve life expectancy and more wisely manage our planets massive population growth. 4. International aid money has gone largely to funding rural projects. 5. Environmentally, concentrating the population in urban areas is preferable. Already there are so many people on the planet that if every household in the world had a tract house and a small plot of earth, there would be no land left for farming – let alone for parks. We will write a custom essay sample on ProsCons of Living in Megacities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Sprawl is a much less efficient way to use the planet’s resources – and it seriously worsens urban problems like air pollution because so much energy is required to move people around. 7. Life in the city is much easier than in the country developed transport system, sewerage (water drain) system, information, sports, shopping malls, etc. 8. Life is never dull in the city, people always have something to do here. There is far more entertainment in the city than in the country. Cities offer high concentration of good things in life: big stores, restaurants, theatres, cinema, art galleries. Life is more convenient in a city: services are always better here, in the city people are more open-minded. It is possible to go out, make friends and never be cut off from them by weather conditions. 9. Many people love the busy city life. It is enough for them to visit a country at weekends. Cons: 1. Pollution is the greatest disadvantage of the city life of today. Polluted air is hanging like a brown cloud over cities. Dirt and smoke are pouring from the buildings of cites and factories. Polluted urban air causes respiratory distress, particularly in children, and elderly people. The increased number of motor vehicles not only jam the city streets but pollute the city air as well. Cars give a collection of pollutants. In bright, calm weather, sunlight turns the chemicals into a poison smog. All big cities have problems with air pollution. 2. High crime rates and massive traffic jams. . Noise pollution is the prÐ ¾blÐ µm of big cities too. 4. Megacities need mega-economies to support them, but as big economies improve, so, too, do infrastructure, transportation, telecommunications. 5. The rush-hour with crowded streets, packed trains, full buses that happens twice a day is one of them. 6. Cost of living is very high in the cities, in addition, people live under constant threat; life is not quiet in the cities, it causes stresses and heart dis eases, in the city people lose touch with land, rhythms of nature. Everyone who cares about his health tries to move out of the city. 7. Conditions are difficult in the world largest metropolises. Poverty, crime, homelessness and drug abuse are endemic in areas that have undergone rapid industrialization and urbanization. 8. Living in the countryside is cheaper and safer than in a city. It provides people with more security. There is less crime and, of course, there is less traffic there. Life in the countryside is quiet, peaceful, and healthy.